The Old Fashioned, a timeless classic in the cocktail world, is a simple yet elegant drink. Its appeal lies in its careful balance of whiskey, sugar, bitters, and a touch of water. But what truly elevates this cocktail, adding a pop of color and a burst of sweet-tart flavor, is the cherry. Not just any cherry, mind you, but a specific kind. So, what are those cherries in an Old Fashioned called? The answer, while seemingly simple, holds a richer history and a more complex culinary journey than you might expect.
The Maraschino Cherry: More Than Just a Garnish
The cherries gracing Old Fashioneds (and countless other drinks and desserts) are most commonly maraschino cherries. However, the term “maraschino cherry” is often misused and misunderstood. The true story of the maraschino cherry is one of transformation, preservation, and adaptation to changing tastes. It’s a far cry from the bright red, overly sweet spheres many of us associate with the name.
The Original Maraschino: A Luxurious Croatian Treat
Originally, maraschino cherries were made from Marasca cherries, a small, slightly sour cherry variety grown primarily in Croatia, particularly in the Dalmatian region. These cherries were preserved in Marasca cherry liqueur, also known as maraschino liqueur, a product of the cherries themselves. The process involved pitting the cherries, soaking them in the liqueur, and then packaging them in a syrup made from the same liqueur. This resulted in a naturally flavored, slightly tart, and intensely cherry-flavored delicacy enjoyed by royalty and the wealthy elite. This original maraschino cherry was a far cry from the sugary version we know today. It was a sophisticated, alcoholic treat with a complex flavor profile.
The American Adaptation: Prohibition and the Rise of the Sweet Cherry
The story takes a significant turn with the arrival of maraschino cherries in the United States. As the demand for these cherries grew, particularly in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, American producers began to experiment with different methods of preservation and production. However, the advent of Prohibition in 1920 presented a major obstacle. The alcoholic preservation method used for traditional maraschino cherries was, of course, prohibited. This necessity forced innovation and led to the development of the non-alcoholic maraschino cherry we know today.
Ernest H. Wiegand, a professor of horticulture at Oregon State University, played a pivotal role in this transformation. He developed a process using calcium chloride and sulfur dioxide to preserve the cherries. This process bleached the cherries, removing their natural color and flavor. They were then soaked in a solution of high fructose corn syrup and food coloring, most commonly Red Dye #40, to achieve their signature bright red appearance and intensely sweet flavor. This new process allowed for mass production and distribution of maraschino cherries, making them accessible to a wider audience.
Beyond the Bright Red: Other Maraschino Variations
While the bright red, artificially flavored maraschino cherry is the most common variety, it’s important to note that there are other variations available. Some producers are returning to more traditional methods, using natural ingredients and less artificial coloring. These cherries may be a darker red or even a natural color, and they often have a more complex, less intensely sweet flavor. These gourmet versions are increasingly popular with bartenders and cocktail enthusiasts who appreciate a more authentic and sophisticated flavor. Look for brands that emphasize natural ingredients and avoid artificial colors and flavors.
Choosing the Right Cherry for Your Old Fashioned
The choice of cherry for your Old Fashioned is a matter of personal preference, but it can significantly impact the overall flavor profile of the drink. The bright red, artificially flavored maraschino cherry will add a burst of sweetness and a vibrant color. However, it can also overpower the more subtle flavors of the whiskey and bitters.
For a more balanced and sophisticated Old Fashioned, consider using a more traditional or gourmet maraschino cherry. These cherries often have a more complex flavor, with notes of tartness and bitterness that complement the whiskey and bitters beautifully. They also tend to be less intensely sweet, allowing the other flavors in the cocktail to shine through. Luxardo maraschino cherries are a popular choice among bartenders. These cherries are made in Italy using the original Marasca cherry recipe and are preserved in Marasca cherry syrup. They have a rich, complex flavor and a beautiful dark red color.
Other Cherry Options: Amarena and Brandied Cherries
While maraschino cherries are the most common garnish for an Old Fashioned, other cherry options can also be used to add a unique twist to the classic cocktail.
Amarena cherries are another Italian variety that are preserved in a rich syrup. They are typically darker in color and have a more intense, slightly bitter flavor than maraschino cherries. Amarena cherries can add a depth of flavor to an Old Fashioned that is both complex and satisfying.
Brandied cherries are another excellent option. These cherries are preserved in brandy and sugar, resulting in a rich, boozy, and flavorful garnish. Brandied cherries can be made at home or purchased from specialty stores. They add a touch of elegance and sophistication to an Old Fashioned.
Garnishing with Intention: Presentation Matters
The way you garnish your Old Fashioned can also impact the overall experience. A single cherry is often sufficient, but two or three cherries can also be used for a more dramatic presentation. Consider adding a small piece of orange peel alongside the cherry for a touch of citrus aroma and flavor. Express the oils of the orange peel over the drink before dropping it in for maximum impact.
The Importance of Quality Ingredients in an Old Fashioned
The Old Fashioned is a simple cocktail, but that simplicity highlights the importance of using high-quality ingredients. From the whiskey to the bitters to the cherry, every component plays a crucial role in the overall flavor profile of the drink.
Choosing the Right Whiskey: The base of an Old Fashioned is whiskey, typically bourbon or rye. Bourbon provides a sweeter, more vanilla-forward flavor, while rye offers a spicier, more assertive taste. Experiment with different whiskeys to find your preferred style.
Bitters: The Unsung Hero: Bitters add complexity and depth of flavor to an Old Fashioned. Angostura bitters are the traditional choice, but other bitters, such as orange bitters or cherry bitters, can also be used to create unique variations.
Sugar: A Touch of Sweetness: The traditional Old Fashioned uses sugar cubes, which are muddled with the bitters and water. However, simple syrup can also be used as a convenient alternative.
Water: Dilution is Key: A small amount of water is added to the Old Fashioned to help dissolve the sugar and open up the flavors of the whiskey.
And of course, the cherry. While a seemingly small detail, the choice of cherry can elevate your Old Fashioned from good to exceptional. Choose wisely and enjoy!
The Future of the Maraschino Cherry
As consumer tastes evolve and the demand for natural and artisanal products increases, the future of the maraschino cherry is likely to see a return to more traditional methods and ingredients. Producers are already experimenting with less artificial coloring and flavoring, as well as using more sustainable farming practices. We may see a wider variety of maraschino cherries available, with different flavors, colors, and textures to suit a range of palates. The bright red, overly sweet maraschino cherry may always have a place in our hearts (and our Shirley Temples), but the future of the maraschino cherry is undoubtedly one of greater diversity, quality, and authenticity. The humble cocktail cherry is poised to reclaim its rightful place as a sophisticated and delicious addition to our favorite drinks and desserts. Ultimately, the best cherry for your Old Fashioned is the one that you enjoy the most. Experiment with different varieties and find the perfect complement to your preferred whiskey and bitters. Cheers!
What type of cherries are traditionally used in an Old Fashioned?
The cherries traditionally used in an Old Fashioned are maraschino cherries. However, these are not the bright red, artificially flavored cherries most people are familiar with. Classic maraschino cherries are made from light-sweet cherries, such as Royal Anne or Gold varieties, which are preserved in maraschino liqueur, a liqueur derived from the marasca cherry.
The bright red, syrupy maraschino cherries found in most grocery stores are a more recent adaptation. These are typically bleached and dyed with artificial colors and flavorings, offering a much sweeter and less complex flavor profile compared to the traditional version. While convenient and readily available, they don’t offer the same depth of flavor to an Old Fashioned as a properly made maraschino cherry.
What are the differences between modern and traditional maraschino cherries?
The most significant difference lies in the production process. Traditional maraschino cherries are preserved in marasca cherry liqueur, giving them a distinct almond-like flavor and a richer, darker hue. This process imparts a more complex and subtle sweetness to the cherry, making it a valuable component of the cocktail.
Modern maraschino cherries, on the other hand, are typically bleached to remove their natural color and then artificially dyed bright red. They are then soaked in a sugary syrup and often contain artificial flavorings and preservatives. This process results in a cherry that is intensely sweet and lacks the nuance of the traditional version.
Why are maraschino cherries used as a garnish in an Old Fashioned?
Maraschino cherries serve multiple purposes in an Old Fashioned. Firstly, they add a touch of visual appeal to the drink, creating a more inviting and sophisticated presentation. The bright color contrasts beautifully with the dark amber of the whiskey, enhancing the overall aesthetic.
Secondly, the cherry contributes to the cocktail’s flavor profile. While the sweetness can complement the bitterness of the whiskey and the bitters, a high-quality cherry also adds subtle almond and fruit notes, contributing to a more balanced and complex flavor experience. A good maraschino cherry isn’t just for show; it’s an integral part of the drink’s overall harmony.
Are there alternatives to maraschino cherries for an Old Fashioned?
Yes, there are several alternatives to maraschino cherries that can be used in an Old Fashioned. Many cocktail enthusiasts prefer using Luxardo cherries, which are made from genuine marasca cherries and preserved in their own juice. These cherries offer a richer, more complex flavor than the typical bright red maraschino cherries.
Another option is to use brandied cherries, which are cherries soaked in brandy and sugar syrup. These cherries offer a deeper, boozier flavor that complements the whiskey in an Old Fashioned. Some people even experiment with other types of preserved fruits, like Amarena cherries or even candied citrus peels, to create unique variations of the classic cocktail.
How do the cherries enhance the overall flavor of an Old Fashioned?
The cherries contribute sweetness and a subtle fruitiness that balances the bitterness of the bitters and the strength of the whiskey. The sweetness can round out the sharper edges of the spirit, making the drink more approachable and palatable. Furthermore, the best maraschino cherries, particularly those made from marasca cherries, offer a hint of almond and other complex flavors that elevate the entire cocktail.
Beyond the initial taste, the cherry also offers a textural element. The soft, plump texture provides a pleasant contrast to the liquid components of the drink. Moreover, the infused syrup from the cherry mixes subtly with the other ingredients as the drink sits, subtly evolving the flavor profile over time.
Can the type of cherry affect the quality of the Old Fashioned?
Absolutely, the type of cherry significantly impacts the overall quality of an Old Fashioned. A high-quality cherry, like a Luxardo or a brandied cherry, will add depth and complexity to the cocktail, enhancing the balance of flavors and contributing to a more enjoyable drinking experience. The superior ingredients result in a noticeably improved final product.
Conversely, using a low-quality, overly sweet, and artificially flavored maraschino cherry can detract from the drink. These cherries can overwhelm the other flavors and make the Old Fashioned taste cloyingly sweet, masking the nuances of the whiskey and bitters. Choosing a better cherry is a small change that makes a big difference.
Where can I find good quality maraschino cherries for an Old Fashioned?
Good quality maraschino cherries, such as Luxardo cherries, are typically available at specialty liquor stores, gourmet food stores, and online retailers that specialize in cocktail ingredients. Look for brands that specifically state they use marasca cherries and are preserved in cherry juice or liqueur, rather than high fructose corn syrup and artificial flavorings.
Another good place to look is at stores that cater to professional bartenders or cocktail enthusiasts. These stores often carry a wider selection of premium cocktail ingredients, including high-quality cherries. Reading online reviews and comparing ingredients lists can also help you find the best option to suit your taste and budget.