Food waste is a significant global problem, impacting both our wallets and the environment. One of the most effective tools in the fight against spoilage is the humble vacuum sealer. But simply owning one isn’t enough; understanding how to use it correctly is crucial to reaping its full benefits. This guide will walk you through everything you need to know about vacuum sealing, from choosing the right machine and bags to mastering the techniques for different types of food.
Why Vacuum Sealing Matters
Vacuum sealing isn’t just about making food last longer. It offers a host of advantages that can transform the way you manage your kitchen and your budget.
Extending Shelf Life
The primary benefit of vacuum sealing is its ability to dramatically extend the shelf life of food. By removing air from the packaging, you inhibit the growth of bacteria, mold, and yeast – the culprits behind spoilage. This can increase the shelf life of many foods by two to three times, or even more in some cases.
Preserving Flavor and Nutrients
Exposure to air not only causes food to spoil but also leads to the degradation of flavor and nutrients. Oxidation, a chemical reaction that occurs when food is exposed to oxygen, can dull colors, diminish taste, and reduce the vitamin content. Vacuum sealing minimizes oxidation, helping to preserve the original flavor, texture, and nutritional value of your food. Think vibrant vegetables, flavorful meats, and aromatic herbs that taste as fresh as the day you sealed them.
Preventing Freezer Burn
Freezer burn is a common problem that affects food stored in the freezer. It occurs when moisture evaporates from the surface of the food, causing ice crystals to form. This results in dry, leathery patches and a loss of flavor. Vacuum sealing creates an airtight barrier that prevents moisture from escaping, effectively eliminating freezer burn and ensuring that your frozen food remains delicious for months.
Saving Money and Reducing Waste
By extending the shelf life of food and preventing spoilage and freezer burn, vacuum sealing can save you a significant amount of money in the long run. You’ll waste less food, buy in bulk when prices are low, and enjoy leftovers without worrying about them going bad. This makes vacuum sealing not only a practical kitchen tool but also an environmentally conscious choice.
Choosing the Right Vacuum Sealer
Not all vacuum sealers are created equal. The best choice for you will depend on your needs and budget. There are two main types of vacuum sealers: external vacuum sealers and chamber vacuum sealers.
External Vacuum Sealers
External vacuum sealers, also known as edge vacuum sealers, are the most common type for home use. They are relatively affordable, compact, and easy to use. These sealers work by placing the open end of a bag into the machine, which then sucks out the air and seals the bag. They are ideal for sealing solid foods, dry goods, and liquids that have been pre-frozen.
Types of External Vacuum Sealers
Within the category of external vacuum sealers, there are several sub-types to consider:
- Handheld Vacuum Sealers: These are small, portable, and battery-operated. They are best suited for sealing small quantities of food or for use on the go.
- Countertop Vacuum Sealers: These are the most common type of external vacuum sealer. They are designed to sit on your countertop and offer a good balance of performance, features, and price.
- Automatic Vacuum Sealers: These models automatically detect the bag and start the sealing process, making them even easier to use.
Chamber Vacuum Sealers
Chamber vacuum sealers are more powerful and versatile than external vacuum sealers. They work by placing the entire bag inside a chamber, which is then evacuated of air. This allows for more consistent and complete vacuum sealing, and it’s especially useful for sealing liquids and delicate foods. Chamber vacuum sealers are typically more expensive and larger than external vacuum sealers, making them a better choice for serious home cooks or small businesses.
Features to Consider
When choosing a vacuum sealer, consider the following features:
- Sealing Power: The higher the vacuum pressure, the better the seal.
- Seal Width: A wider seal provides a stronger and more reliable closure.
- Pulse Function: This allows you to control the vacuum process manually, which is helpful for delicate foods.
- Moist/Dry Settings: These settings adjust the sealing process based on the moisture content of the food.
- Accessory Port: This allows you to use the sealer with vacuum-sealing containers and jars.
Choosing the Right Vacuum Sealer Bags
Just as important as the vacuum sealer itself is the type of bags you use. Standard plastic bags are not suitable for vacuum sealing, as they are not airtight and may contain harmful chemicals. You need to use specially designed vacuum sealer bags, which are made from food-grade materials and are designed to withstand the pressure of vacuum sealing.
Types of Vacuum Sealer Bags
There are two main types of vacuum sealer bags:
- Embossed Bags: These bags have a textured surface that allows air to be easily drawn out during the vacuum sealing process. They are the most common and affordable type of vacuum sealer bag.
- Smooth Bags: These bags are smooth on both sides and are typically used with chamber vacuum sealers. They require a more powerful vacuum to remove the air.
Bag Thickness and Material
The thickness of the bag is measured in mils (thousandths of an inch). Thicker bags are more durable and resistant to punctures and tears. For most applications, a 3-mil bag is sufficient. For sharp or bony foods, such as chicken wings or ribs, a 4-mil or 5-mil bag is recommended. Always choose bags that are BPA-free and food-safe.
Rolls vs. Pre-Cut Bags
You can buy vacuum sealer bags in pre-cut sizes or in rolls. Rolls allow you to customize the size of the bag to fit your needs, which can save you money in the long run. Pre-cut bags are more convenient for sealing frequently used items.
Mastering the Vacuum Sealing Process: A Step-by-Step Guide
Now that you have your vacuum sealer and bags, it’s time to learn how to use them properly. The process is relatively simple, but following these steps will ensure a successful seal every time.
Preparing Your Food
Proper preparation is key to successful vacuum sealing.
- Cooling: Always cool food completely before vacuum sealing. Warm food can create steam inside the bag, which can lead to spoilage.
- Drying: Pat dry any excess moisture from the surface of the food. This will help create a better seal and prevent freezer burn.
- Pre-Freezing: For liquids and soft foods, pre-freezing is essential. Place the food in the freezer for 1-2 hours, or until it is partially frozen. This will prevent it from being sucked into the vacuum sealer during the sealing process.
- Portioning: Divide food into appropriate portions before sealing. This will make it easier to thaw and use only what you need.
Sealing with an External Vacuum Sealer
Here’s how to use an external vacuum sealer:
- Prepare the Bag: If you are using a roll of vacuum sealer bag material, cut a piece to the desired length, allowing for a few extra inches at the top for sealing. Seal one end of the bag using the sealer’s sealing function.
- Place the Food in the Bag: Carefully place the food inside the bag, leaving at least 2-3 inches of space between the food and the open end of the bag.
- Position the Bag in the Sealer: Open the vacuum sealer and place the open end of the bag inside, making sure the bag is properly aligned with the sealing strip.
- Start the Vacuum Sealing Process: Close the lid of the vacuum sealer and press the “Vacuum/Seal” button. The machine will automatically remove the air from the bag and seal it.
- Release the Bag: Once the sealing process is complete, the machine will automatically stop. Open the lid and carefully remove the sealed bag.
- Inspect the Seal: Examine the seal to ensure it is airtight and secure. If the seal is weak or incomplete, reseal the bag.
Sealing with a Chamber Vacuum Sealer
Here’s how to use a chamber vacuum sealer:
- Prepare the Bag: Place the food inside a vacuum sealer bag, leaving enough space at the top for sealing.
- Place the Bag in the Chamber: Open the chamber of the vacuum sealer and place the open end of the bag over the sealing bar.
- Close the Chamber: Close the lid of the chamber.
- Start the Vacuum Sealing Process: Set the desired vacuum level and sealing time, and press the “Start” button. The machine will automatically remove the air from the chamber and seal the bag.
- Release the Bag: Once the sealing process is complete, the machine will automatically release the vacuum. Open the chamber and carefully remove the sealed bag.
- Inspect the Seal: Examine the seal to ensure it is airtight and secure.
Tips and Tricks for Successful Vacuum Sealing
Here are some additional tips and tricks to help you get the most out of your vacuum sealer:
- Avoid Overfilling: Do not overfill the bags, as this can prevent a proper seal.
- Use a Gentle Touch: When sealing delicate foods, use the pulse function to control the vacuum process and prevent crushing.
- Label Everything: Always label your sealed bags with the date and contents. This will help you keep track of what you have and when it was sealed.
- Store Properly: Store vacuum-sealed food in a cool, dark, and dry place.
- Clean Your Sealer: Clean your vacuum sealer regularly to prevent the buildup of food particles and debris.
- Double Seal for Long-Term Storage: For food that you plan to store for an extended period, consider double-sealing the bag.
Vacuum Sealing Specific Foods
Different types of food require slightly different techniques for vacuum sealing.
Meats and Poultry
To vacuum seal meats and poultry, pat them dry with paper towels to remove excess moisture. For bone-in cuts, wrap the bones with freezer paper or plastic wrap to prevent them from puncturing the bag.
Fruits and Vegetables
Blanch vegetables before vacuum sealing to preserve their color, flavor, and texture. Cut fruits into manageable pieces and pre-freeze them to prevent them from sticking together.
Liquids
Pre-freezing is essential for vacuum sealing liquids. Once the liquid is partially frozen, you can vacuum seal it without worrying about it being sucked into the machine.
Dry Goods
Vacuum sealing dry goods, such as coffee, flour, and sugar, can help to prevent them from becoming stale or infested with insects.
Troubleshooting Common Vacuum Sealing Problems
Even with the best equipment and techniques, you may occasionally encounter problems with vacuum sealing. Here are some common issues and how to fix them:
- Weak Seal: This can be caused by moisture, food particles, or wrinkles in the bag. Make sure the bag is clean, dry, and smooth before sealing.
- Bag Not Sealing: This can be caused by a faulty sealing strip or a malfunctioning vacuum pump. Check the sealing strip for damage and clean it if necessary.
- Food Being Sucked into the Machine: This is usually caused by sealing liquids or soft foods without pre-freezing.
- Vacuum Sealer Overheating: This can happen if you are using the sealer continuously for an extended period. Allow the sealer to cool down before using it again.
By following these tips and techniques, you can master the art of vacuum sealing and enjoy the many benefits it has to offer. From extending the shelf life of your food to preserving its flavor and nutrients, vacuum sealing is a valuable tool for any home cook or anyone looking to reduce food waste and save money.
What types of food benefit most from vacuum sealing?
Foods with high moisture content and a tendency to spoil quickly benefit significantly from vacuum sealing. This includes fresh produce like fruits and vegetables, as well as meats, poultry, and seafood. Removing the air inhibits the growth of bacteria and mold that thrive in oxygen-rich environments, thus extending the shelf life and preserving the quality of these perishable items.
Additionally, vacuum sealing is excellent for preserving foods susceptible to freezer burn. The airtight seal prevents moisture from escaping and ice crystals from forming on the surface, maintaining the flavor and texture of foods like steaks, berries, and pre-made meals. This method is also effective for protecting dry goods like coffee beans, nuts, and grains from oxidation and insect infestation.
How does vacuum sealing extend the shelf life of food?
Vacuum sealing significantly extends the shelf life of food by creating an airtight barrier that removes oxygen. Oxygen is a key component in many spoilage processes, including the growth of aerobic bacteria, mold, and yeast, as well as enzymatic reactions that cause discoloration and flavor changes. By removing the oxygen, vacuum sealing dramatically slows down these processes, preserving the food’s quality for a longer period.
Furthermore, vacuum sealing helps prevent freezer burn. When food is exposed to freezing air, moisture migrates to the surface, forming ice crystals. This can lead to dehydration and a loss of flavor and texture. The airtight seal created by vacuum sealing minimizes this moisture loss, protecting the food from freezer burn and maintaining its original quality.
What are the different types of vacuum sealers available, and how do I choose the right one?
There are primarily two types of vacuum sealers: external vacuum sealers (also known as edge sealers) and chamber vacuum sealers. External sealers are more common and generally more affordable for home use. They work by placing the open end of a bag into the machine, which then removes the air and seals the bag. Chamber vacuum sealers are more powerful and typically used in commercial settings. They involve placing the entire bag inside a chamber, which removes the air from both inside and outside the bag before sealing.
When choosing a vacuum sealer, consider your budget, the frequency of use, and the types of food you’ll be sealing. For occasional home use, an external sealer is likely sufficient. Look for features like adjustable sealing times for different types of bags and food, a pulse function for delicate items, and compatibility with accessories like jar sealers. If you plan to seal liquids or large quantities of food regularly, a chamber vacuum sealer might be a worthwhile investment.
Can I vacuum seal liquids or foods with high liquid content?
Vacuum sealing liquids or foods with high liquid content requires extra care to prevent the liquid from being sucked into the sealer and damaging the machine. One technique is to pre-freeze the liquid or food until it’s partially or completely solid before vacuum sealing. This prevents the liquid from being drawn into the sealer during the vacuuming process.
Another method is to use a gentle vacuuming technique or a sealer with a “pulse” function. This allows you to control the vacuuming process and stop it before the liquid reaches the sealing area. You can also place a paper towel or absorbent pad inside the bag near the sealing area to absorb any excess moisture. Specialized liquid-blocking bags are also available for vacuum sealing watery substances.
What types of bags are compatible with vacuum sealers?
Most vacuum sealers require specialized bags designed with channels or textured surfaces on the inside. These channels allow the air to be effectively removed from the bag during the vacuum sealing process. Smooth bags, like standard plastic sandwich bags, typically won’t work because they won’t allow the air to escape properly, resulting in a poor seal.
Vacuum sealer bags come in various sizes and thicknesses to accommodate different types of food and sealing needs. Some are pre-cut bags, while others come in rolls that can be cut to the desired length. Consider the size and type of food you’ll be sealing when choosing bags. For example, thicker bags are better for sealing bones or sharp objects that could puncture thinner bags.
How do I properly clean and maintain my vacuum sealer?
Regular cleaning and maintenance are essential to keep your vacuum sealer working properly and extend its lifespan. After each use, wipe down the sealing area and any areas that came into contact with food with a damp cloth. Remove any food debris that may have accumulated. Avoid using abrasive cleaners or scouring pads, as they can damage the machine.
Periodically check the sealing gasket and heating element for any signs of wear or damage. If the gasket is cracked or damaged, it should be replaced to ensure a proper seal. The heating element can be cleaned with a soft cloth to remove any residue. Always unplug the vacuum sealer before cleaning and allow it to dry completely before storing it.
Are there any foods that should not be vacuum sealed?
While vacuum sealing is generally a safe and effective way to preserve food, there are some foods that are not suitable for vacuum sealing. Soft cheeses, like brie or ricotta, can be compressed and lose their texture and flavor when vacuum sealed. Similarly, raw mushrooms should not be vacuum sealed because they can create anaerobic conditions that promote the growth of harmful bacteria.
Also, certain vegetables like broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, and Brussels sprouts release gases that can cause the vacuum-sealed bags to expand. These vegetables should be blanched before vacuum sealing to prevent this issue. Blanched vegetables are briefly boiled and then immediately cooled in ice water, which helps to deactivate the enzymes that produce the gases.