The world of antique cast iron cookware is steeped in history and intrigue, and few names are as recognizable as Griswold. For collectors and enthusiasts alike, Griswold represents a golden era of American craftsmanship. But beyond the brand name lies a cryptic language of numbers and symbols etched onto the iron, a language that unlocks a wealth of information about each piece. Understanding these “Griswold numbers” is crucial for identifying, dating, and appreciating the value of these cherished collectibles. This article delves deep into the meaning behind Griswold numbers, providing a comprehensive guide to navigating the world of Griswold cookware.
Understanding the Basics of Griswold Markings
Griswold Manufacturing, based in Erie, Pennsylvania, produced cast iron cookware from the late 19th century until the late 1950s when it was acquired by Wagner Ware. Throughout their history, Griswold employed a variety of markings, including logos (like the Large Block Logo, Small Block Logo, and the elusive Erie mark) and, most importantly, pattern numbers. These markings help distinguish authentic Griswold pieces from other brands and reproductions.
The numbers found on Griswold cookware aren’t random. They serve a specific purpose: they are primarily pattern numbers. A pattern number identified the specific mold used to cast that particular piece of cookware. This allowed the company to maintain consistency in their production and replace damaged molds with identical ones. It’s akin to a blueprint for the cookware.
Pattern Numbers: The Key to Identification
The most common type of “Griswold number” you’ll encounter is the pattern number. These numbers are typically located on the bottom of the cookware, often accompanied by the Griswold logo. The pattern number is a unique identifier assigned to a specific design of a skillet, Dutch oven, griddle, or other cast iron item.
Pattern numbers varied in length and could sometimes be accompanied by letters or other symbols. These variations can provide clues about the age and specific type of the piece. For instance, skillets often have pattern numbers ending in “A” or “B,” indicating slight variations in the design or size.
Size Numbers: Indicating Dimensions
In addition to pattern numbers, some Griswold cookware also features size numbers. These numbers indicate the diameter of the pan at the top rim, usually expressed in inches. Size numbers are especially helpful when comparing similar pieces or determining the capacity of a skillet or Dutch oven. Understanding both pattern numbers and size numbers can help you accurately identify and classify Griswold cookware.
Decoding Different Types of Griswold Numbers
Griswold used various numbering systems throughout its production history. Recognizing these different systems is essential for accurate identification and dating. The numbering system evolved over time, with earlier pieces featuring simpler numbers and later pieces incorporating more complex alphanumeric codes.
Early Griswold Numbers (1880s – Early 1900s)
Early Griswold pieces, often marked with the “Erie” logo, typically featured simpler pattern numbers. These numbers tended to be shorter, often consisting of one to three digits. Identifying these early pieces can be challenging, as documentation is often scarce, and the markings can be faint or worn.
During this period, the focus was primarily on function, and the numbering system was less standardized than in later years. These early pieces are highly sought after by collectors due to their rarity and historical significance. The markings are often less precise than later markings.
Later Griswold Numbers (Early 1900s – 1950s)
As Griswold’s production expanded, their numbering system became more sophisticated. Pattern numbers became longer, often incorporating four or five digits. Letters were also sometimes added to denote specific variations or improvements to the design.
The presence of the Griswold logo (Large Block Logo or Small Block Logo) alongside the pattern number helps narrow down the production period. Understanding the subtle differences between these logos is crucial for dating Griswold cookware accurately. The standardization of markings made it easier to track production and maintain quality control.
Special Markings and Variations
Beyond pattern and size numbers, some Griswold pieces feature special markings or variations that can provide additional clues about their origin and purpose. These markings might include trademarks, patent dates, or specific identifiers related to the intended use of the cookware.
For example, some Griswold pieces were specifically designed for use with gas stoves, and these pieces may have unique markings indicating their suitability for gas cooking. Similarly, pieces made for commercial use might have different markings than those intended for home use. The presence of these special markings can significantly increase the value and collectibility of a Griswold piece.
Using Griswold Numbers for Dating and Valuation
Understanding Griswold numbers is not just about identification; it’s also about dating and valuing these collectibles. The combination of pattern numbers, logos, and other markings can help determine the approximate age of a piece, which in turn influences its value.
Connecting Numbers to Production Periods
By cross-referencing pattern numbers with known production periods associated with specific Griswold logos, collectors can estimate the age of their cookware. While precise dating is often impossible without additional documentation, this method provides a reliable approximation.
For example, pieces marked with the Large Block Logo generally date from the early 1900s to the 1930s, while those marked with the Small Block Logo were produced from the 1930s until the late 1950s. This chronological information, combined with the pattern number, provides a valuable tool for dating Griswold cookware.
Assessing Condition and Rarity
The value of Griswold cookware is influenced by several factors, including condition, rarity, and the presence of desirable markings. Pattern numbers can play a role in assessing rarity, as certain patterns were produced in smaller quantities than others.
A rare pattern number, combined with excellent condition, can significantly increase the value of a Griswold piece. Collectors often seek out specific pattern numbers to complete their collections, driving up demand and prices for these sought-after items. Even common pieces in excellent condition can command a premium due to their functionality and historical significance.
Consulting Resources and Experts
While understanding Griswold numbers is a valuable skill, it’s always wise to consult reputable resources and experts for accurate identification and valuation. Numerous books, websites, and online communities dedicated to Griswold cookware offer valuable information and insights.
Connecting with experienced collectors and appraisers can provide access to specialized knowledge and help avoid costly mistakes. These experts can help identify rare variations, assess condition accurately, and provide realistic appraisals based on current market trends. Building a network of trusted resources is essential for anyone serious about collecting Griswold cookware.
Caring for and Preserving Griswold Cookware
Once you’ve identified and acquired your Griswold pieces, proper care and preservation are essential for maintaining their value and functionality. Cast iron cookware requires specific care to prevent rust and ensure its longevity.
Cleaning and Seasoning
Proper cleaning is the first step in maintaining Griswold cookware. Avoid using harsh detergents or abrasive scrubbers, as these can damage the seasoning. Instead, use warm water and a gentle sponge or brush to remove food residue.
After cleaning, thoroughly dry the cookware and apply a thin layer of oil (such as vegetable oil or flaxseed oil) to the cooking surface. This process, known as seasoning, creates a protective layer that prevents rust and makes the cookware non-stick. Regular seasoning is crucial for preserving the integrity of Griswold cookware.
Storage and Handling
Proper storage is also essential for preventing rust and damage. Store Griswold cookware in a dry place, preferably with a layer of paper towels or cloth between pieces to prevent scratching.
Avoid stacking heavy items on top of Griswold cookware, as this can cause warping or cracking. Handle Griswold cookware with care, as dropping it can cause chips or breaks. By following these simple guidelines, you can ensure that your Griswold cookware remains in excellent condition for generations to come.
Restoration and Repair
In some cases, Griswold cookware may require restoration or repair. Rust removal, re-seasoning, and minor repairs can often be performed at home with proper tools and techniques.
However, major repairs, such as welding cracks or straightening warped pans, should be left to experienced professionals. Attempting to repair damaged Griswold cookware without the necessary skills and equipment can cause further damage and reduce its value. When in doubt, consult a qualified restorer for guidance.
What are Griswold numbers and what do they generally represent?
Griswold numbers are typically sequential identification numbers assigned to cast iron cookware items produced by the Griswold Manufacturing Company, primarily between the late 19th and mid-20th centuries. These numbers served as a crucial part of their cataloging and inventory system, helping to differentiate between various sizes, styles, and designs of their skillets, Dutch ovens, griddles, and other cooking utensils.
Essentially, a Griswold number provides a unique identifier for a specific piece of cookware within the broader Griswold product line. Understanding these numbers is essential for collectors and enthusiasts as they provide information about the specific mold used, the era of production, and can impact the value and desirability of a particular piece. The numbers are usually cast into the bottom of the cookware, often near the Griswold logo.
How can I locate the Griswold number on a piece of cookware?
The Griswold number is almost always located on the bottom of the cast iron cookware. Look closely, as it may be faint or partially obscured by years of use and seasoning. You’ll usually find it cast directly into the iron, often alongside other identifying markings such as the Griswold logo and the size of the piece.
It is important to carefully clean the bottom of the cookware if it is heavily seasoned or covered in debris, as this will improve visibility and ensure that the number can be correctly identified. Use a soft brush and mild soap and water for cleaning, avoiding harsh abrasives that could damage the cast iron.
Why is knowing the Griswold number important for collectors?
Identifying the Griswold number is crucial for collectors because it provides detailed information about the specific piece of cookware. The number can indicate the age, the pattern, the size, and sometimes even the intended use of the item. This information is vital for determining rarity, value, and historical context.
Furthermore, the Griswold number helps collectors distinguish between different versions of seemingly identical cookware. Subtle variations in the number and accompanying markings can indicate different production periods or mold variations, which can significantly impact the desirability and collectibility of the piece.
Are there resources available to help me decode Griswold numbers?
Yes, several resources exist to assist in decoding Griswold numbers. Numerous online forums and collector communities are dedicated to Griswold cookware, where enthusiasts share information and expertise. These forums often contain detailed discussions and databases of Griswold numbers and their corresponding characteristics.
Furthermore, there are published books and guides specifically focused on Griswold cast iron. These resources typically include comprehensive lists of Griswold numbers, descriptions of associated markings, and information about the history and production of the cookware. Consulting these resources can significantly aid in identifying and understanding the significance of Griswold numbers.
Do all pieces of Griswold cookware have a Griswold number?
While most Griswold pieces of cookware were indeed marked with a specific identification number, there can be some exceptions. Early pieces, particularly those from the very beginning of Griswold’s production, may not always have included these numbers consistently. Also, some specialty items or pieces made for specific retailers might lack a standard Griswold number.
Additionally, there are cases where the number is present but extremely faint or has been obscured over time due to heavy seasoning or wear. In such instances, careful examination and cleaning may be necessary to attempt to discern the number, but sometimes it remains impossible to identify. However, the vast majority of Griswold cookware produced after the early years will have a clearly identifiable Griswold number.
What other markings or features are typically found alongside a Griswold number?
Besides the Griswold number, you’ll often find other markings on the bottom of the cookware. The most prominent is usually the Griswold logo, which changed over time and can provide clues to the cookware’s age. You’ll also often see the size of the cookware expressed in inches or quarts, as well as pattern names like “Erie” or “Iron Mountain”.
Furthermore, you might find patent dates, mold letters or numbers, and even the manufacturer’s name and location (Erie, PA, USA). These additional markings, in combination with the Griswold number, provide a more complete picture of the piece’s origin and characteristics, and help confirm its authenticity.
Can the Griswold number help me determine the value of a piece of cookware?
Yes, the Griswold number is definitely a factor in determining the value of a piece of cookware. The number helps identify the specific size, pattern, and potential rarity of the item, all of which influence its market value. Certain Griswold numbers are associated with highly sought-after pieces, making them more valuable to collectors.
However, the Griswold number is just one piece of the puzzle. The condition of the cookware, including the presence of cracks, chips, rust, or pitting, also significantly impacts its value. Additionally, the overall desirability of the pattern and the current market demand for Griswold cookware play crucial roles in determining the final price. Therefore, while the number is important, consider all factors when assessing value.